In the 1960s-1970s Australia fought the Vietnam War, enacted civil rights for Aborigines, ended the White Australia policy and curtailed discrimination, including against women and homosexuals. Australians overcame 'cultural cringe', took to Australian films, literature and music, reached out to Asia and embraced multiculturalism. They also took to the streets to protest against the Vietnam War, uranium mining and the nuclear threat, and Aboriginal oppression, while demanding legal abortions and gay rights. It was a time of ferment, and radical social and legal reform. Charismatic political leaders galvanised public attention and raised the level of debate. Censorship was challenged, rock music was everywhere, and sex seemed to be too. This course will take a wide view of Australian politics, involvement in and withdrawal from the Vietnam War, and social change. It will consider why these were such decades of change and what we can learn about processes of change and reform, using texts, photographs, music and films from the period. It will introduce students to a range of historiographical interpretation of this key period.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion, students will have the knowledge and skills to:

1. Identify the major political, legal and social changes in Australia in the 1960s and 70s, and reflect on causes and consequences.
2. Analyse and discuss Australia's participation in and withdrawal from the Vietnam war.
3. Formulate arguments about the connections between political change and social change, both orally and in writing.
4. Analyse primary sources as historical evidence and use them to discuss secondary sources critically.
5. Appraise and discuss varying historiographical interpretations of the 1960s-70s.

Recommended Resources

Recommended Resources

Recommended book available at Harry Hartog Bookshop

Donald Horne, The Lucky Country

Books on reserve at Chifley Library

I have asked the Library to place the following on 2-hour Reserve:

Donald Horne, The Lucky Country

Geoffrey Bolton, Oxford History of Australia Vol. 5

Staff Feedback

Students will be given feedback in the following forms in this course:

• written comments on essays.

Student Feedback

ANU is committed to the demonstration of educational excellence and regularly seeks feedback from students. Students are encouraged to offer feedback directly to their Course Convener or through their College and Course representatives (if applicable). The feedback given in these surveys is anonymous and provides the Colleges, University Education Committee and Academic Board with opportunities to recognise excellent teaching, and opportunities for improvement. The Surveys and Evaluation website provides more information on student surveys at ANU and reports on the feedback provided on ANU courses.

Other Information

Referencing requirements

All essays must have footnotes. A guide to referencing is available on the School of History website: http://history.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/History%20Essay%20Reference%20Guide%202016.pdf

READING LIST

Please see the course Wattle site for Required Tutorial readings each week, and for updates to the reading list below.

 

Recommended readings on possible essay topics

General Australian history 1960s-70s

Geoffrey Bolton, The Oxford History of Australia Vol. 5 The Middle Way 1942-1995

Ann Curthoys, AW Martin and Tim Rowse (eds.), Australians From 1939;

Donald Horne, On How I Came to Write ‘The Lucky Country’

Donald Horne, Time of Hope: Australia 1966-72

Tanja Luckins, Go! Melbourne in the Sixties

Stuart Macintyre, A Concise History of Australia

Craig McGregor, People, Politics and Pop: Australians in the Sixties

Craig McGregor, Profile of Australia

Mark Peel and Christina Twomey, A History of Australia

Shirleene Robinson and Julie Ustinoff (eds.), The 1960s in Australia: People, Power and Politics

 

Political history

Judith Brett, Australian Liberals and the Moral Middle Class from Alfred Deakin to John Howard;

Troy Bramston (ed.), The Whitlam Legacy

Colleen Lewis and Jenny Hocking, eds., It’s Time Again: Whitlam and Modern Labor

Jenny Hocking, Gough Whitlam: The Biography

Jenny Hocking, His Time: Gough Whitlam Vol. 2

Paul Kelly and Troy Bramston, The Dismissal in the Queen’s Name

Frank Walker, Maralinga: The chilling expose of our secret nuclear shame and betrayal of our troops and country

Aboriginal rights

Bain Attwood, Rights for Aborigines

Bain Attwood and Andrew Markus, eds., The Struggle for Aboriginal Rights: A Documentary History

Bain Attwood and Andrew Markus, The 1967 Referendum

Richard Broome, Aboriginal Australians: Black Responses to White Dominance, 1788-2001

Richard Broome, Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800

Ann Curthoys, Freedom Ride: A Freedom Rider Remembers

Russell McGregor, ‘Another Nation: Aboriginal Activism in the Late 1960s and Early 1970s’, Australian Historical Studies Vol 40 Issue 3 Sept 2009: 343-360

Tim Rowse ed., Contesting Assimilation.

Gender and sexuality

Australian Feminist Studies 2016 special issue on Germaine Greer.

Frank Bongiorno, The Sex Lives of Australians: A History

Barbara Caine and Moira Gatens, Australian Feminism: A Companion;

Ann Curthoys, For and Against Feminism: A Personal Journey into Feminist Theory and History;

Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch

Norma Grieve and Ailsa Burns (eds.), Australian Women: Contemporary Feminist Thought

Norma Grieve and Ailsa Burns (eds.), Australian Women: New Feminist Perspectives

Freedom Bound II: Documents on Women in Modern Australia, eds. Katie Holmes and Marilyn Lake.

Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

Gisela Kaplan, The Meagre Harvest: The Australian Women’s Movement, 1950s-1990s

Marilyn Lake, Getting Equal: A History of Feminism in Australia

Tanja Luckins, ‘Domesticating cosmopolitanism: Charmian Clift’s women’s column in the Sydney Morning Herald and Melbourne Herald in the 1960s’, History Australia Vol. 11 No. 3 (Dec. 2014): 97-115.

Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Talkin’ Up to the White Woman: Aboriginal Women and Feminism;

Pat O’Shane, ‘Is There Any Relevance in the Women’s Movement for Aboriginal Women?’, Refractory Girl, no. 12 (1976), pp. 31-34.

Marian Sawer and Gail Radford, Making Women Count: A History of the Women’s Electoral Lobby in Australia;

Marian Sawer and Marian Simms, A Woman’s Place: Women and Politics in Australia.

Garry Wotherspoon, Gay Perspectives: Essays in Australian Gay Culture

 

Ending White Australia and multiculturalism

Peter Edwards, Facing North: A Century of Australian Engagement with Asia

David Walker and Agnieszka Sobocinska (eds.), Australia’s Asia: From Yellow Peril to Asian Century

Agnieszka Sobocinska, Visiting the Neighbours: Australians in Asia

Gwenda Tavan, Long, Slow Death of White Australia

Shen Yuanfang, Dragon Seed in the Antipodes: Chinese-Australian Autobiographies.

Janis Wilton and Richard Bosworth, Old Worlds and New Australia: The Post-War Migrant Experience.

Vietnam War

Jeannine Baker, Australian Women War Reporters: Boer War to Vietnam

Ann Curthoys, ‘”Vietnam”: Public Memory of an Anti-War Movement’, Ch 6 in Kate Darian-Smith and Paula Hamilton (eds.), Memory & History in 20^th Century Australia

Joy Damousi and Marilyn Lake (eds.), Gender and War: Australians At War in the 20^th Century

Peter Edwards, A Nation at War: Australian politics, society and diplomacy during the Vietnam War 1965-75

Robin Gerster, ‘A bit of the other: Touring Vietnam’, from Joy Damousi and Marilyn Lake (eds.), Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century

Ian Mackay, Australians in Vietnam

Siobhan McHugh, Minefields and Miniskirts: Australian Women and the Vietnam War

John Murphy, Harvest of Fear: A History of Australia’s Vietnam War;

Gregory Pemberton, All the Way: Australia’s Road to Vietnam.

Gregory Pemberton (ed.), Vietnam Remembered

Marilyn B. Young, The Vietnam Wars: 1945-1990

Protest movements

Lorna Arnold and Mark Smith, Britain, Australia and the Bomb: The Nuclear Tests and Their Aftermath

Sean Brawley, ‘”Days of Rage” Downunder: Considering American Influence on “Home-Grown” Terrorism and ASIO’s response in 1970s Australia’, Australian Historical Studies Vol. 47 Issue 2 (2016): 295-310.

Kate Murphy, ‘”In the Backblocks of Capitalism”: Australian Student Activism in the Global 1960s’, Australian Historical Studies Vol. 46, Issue 2 (June 2015): 252-68.

Suellen Murray, ‘”Make Pies Not War”: Protests by the Women’s Peace Movement of the Mid 1980s’, Australian Historical Studies No. 127 April 2006: 81-94.

Jon Piccini, Transnational Protest, Australia and the 1960s

 

Culture

Stephen Alomes, When London Calls: The Expatriation of Australian Creative Artists to Britain

Michelle Arrow, Friday on our Minds: Popular Culture in Australia since 1945

Michelle Arrow, Upstaged: Australian women dramatists in the limelight at last

Nicole Moore, The Censor’s Library: Uncovering the lost history of Australia’s Banned Books

Class Schedule

Week/Session	Summary of Activities	Assessment
1	Introduction and Organisation: Why the 1960s-70s? Tutorial: Introduction
2	Events and legacies of the 1950s Tutorial: Donald Horne, The Lucky Country (selected chapters as listed on Wattle); Judith Brett, ‘Menzies’ Forgotten People’.
3	Australia in the 1960s-70s: economy and demographics Tutorial: Donald Horne, The Lucky Country selected chapters as listed on Wattle; Fiona Allon, ‘At Home in the Suburbs: Domesticity and Nation in Postwar Australia’, History Australia 2014
4	The Lucky Country? Tutorial: Donald Horne, The Lucky Country selected chapters as listed on Wattle; ABC Radio National Hindsight program, ‘The Lucky Country 50 Years On’.
5	Australia and the Vietnam War Tutorial: Christina Twomey, ‘The National Service Scheme: Citizenship and the Tradition of Compulsory Military Service in 1960s Australia’; Robin Gerster, ‘A Bit of the Other: Touring Vietnam’ from Damousi and Lake (eds.), Gender and War.
6	The Moratorium movement and other protests Tutorial: Ann Curthoys, ‘Mobilising Dissent: The Later Stages of Protest’; Peter Cochrane, ‘At War at Home: Australian Attitudes During the Vietnam Years.’
7	Ending White Australia and embracing multiculturalism Tutorial: Donald Horne, The Lucky Country, preface and ch on Asia; Gwenda Tavan, ‘Long, Slow Death of White Australia’; Tanja Luckins, ‘Cosmopolitanism and the Cosmopolitans: Australia in the World …’.
8	The Women’s Liberation Movement – Australian style Tutorial: Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch 2 chapters; Marilyn Lake, Getting Equal, Ch 9.
9	Censorship, sexuality and ending discrimination against homosexuals Tutorial: Nicole Moore, The Censor’s Library – chapter; Frank Bongiorno, The Sex Lives of Australians Ch 9.
10	Politics and reform: The Dismissal and other events Tutorial: Troy Bramston (ed.), The Whitlam Legacy (2013) selected chapters as on Wattle.
11	Aboriginal activism: the 1967 Referendum and land rights Tutorial: Ann Curthoys’s Diary of the 1965 Freedom Ride in NSW; Bain Attwood and Andrew Markus, The 1967 Referendum esp Preface, Chs 1, 6, 7 and 8.
12	WRAP-UP, REVIEW AND Music, film, theatre and popular culture Tutorial: Craig McGregor, Profile of Australia (1966) Ch on Popular Culture; Michelle Arrow, Friday On Our Minds: Popular Culture in Australia Since 1945 Ch 5 on the 1970s.
13

Tutorial Registration

Required

Assessment Summary

Assessment task	Value	Due Date	Return of assessment	Learning Outcomes
Research essay	50 %	10/05/2019	31/05/2019	1,3,5
Historiographical essay	50 %	07/06/2019	21/06/2019	1,3,5

* If the Due Date and Return of Assessment date are blank, see the Assessment Tab for specific Assessment Task details

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Assessment Requirements

The ANU is using Turnitin to enhance student citation and referencing techniques, and to assess assignment submissions as a component of the University's approach to managing Academic Integrity. For additional information regarding Turnitin please visit the ANU Online website. Students may choose not to submit assessment items through Turnitin. In this instance you will be required to submit, alongside the assessment item itself, hard copies of all references included in the assessment item.

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Students are required to attend a weekly tutorial and to come having read the required materials and prepared to discuss them.

Assessment Task 1

Research essay

This research essay should be on a topic relevant to the course, agreed upon with the course convenor. It should incorporate both secondary (scholarly books and articles) and primary sources (such as archival documents, printed and published texts, objects, music, photographs or film), use the primary sources to comment on or judge the secondary sources, and analyse both sets of sources critically.

Word limit: 3,000 words.

Value: 50% of final mark.

Assessment Task 2

Historiographical essay

The historiographical essay should be on a topic other than that of the research essay, agreed upon with the course convenor. It will help students to understand the nature and function of historiographical interpretation and debate, while also enabling them to explore a different topic of their choice. In order to discuss the historiographical debate and variations, students should focus on authors’ arguments, methodology, claims and premises.

Word limit: 2-3,000 words.

Value: 50% of final mark.

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Students in HIST6238 are also requested to submit their essays in hard copy using the Assignment Cover Sheet provided on Wattle. These can be submitted at the tutorial (or lecture) following the due date for the assignment. Turnitin digital submission will be used to verify time of submission and will be used to calculate any lateness penalty. Please keep a copy of tasks completed for your records. Marked essays will be returned in class.

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Essays will be returned to students in class.

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